First- move advantage in chess - Wikipedia. The first- move advantage in chess is the inherent advantage of the player (White) who makes the first move in chess. Chess players and theorists generally agree that White begins the game with some advantage. Since 1. 85. 1, compiled statistics support this view; White consistently wins slightly more often than Black, usually scoring between 5. White's winning percentage. However, White's advantage is less significant in blitz games and games between novices. Chess players and theoreticians have long debated whether, given perfect play by both sides, the game should end in a win for White, or a draw. Since approximately 1. World Champion. Wilhelm Steinitz addressed this issue, the overwhelming consensus has been that a perfectly played game would end in a draw. However, a few notable players have argued that White's advantage may be sufficient to force a win: Weaver Adams and Vsevolod Rauzer claimed that White is winning after the first move 1. Hans Berliner argued that 1. White. Some players, including World Champions such as Jos. To alleviate this danger, Capablanca and Fischer both proposed chess variants to renew interest in the game, while Lasker suggested changing how draws and stalemate are scored. Since 1. 98. 8, chess theorists have challenged previously well- established views about White's advantage. Grandmaster (GM) Andr. GM Mihai Suba and others contend that sometimes White's initiative disappears for no apparent reason as a game progresses. Title: April 26th 1986, Author: Radio Soundsfamiliar, Name: april An obvious but important point. To create a sustainable advantage. A version of this article appeared in the September 1986 issue of Harvard Business Review. Obvious definition, easily seen, recognized, or understood; open to view or knowledge; evident: an obvious advantage. Duodenal switch For bile diversion, what are the obvious advantages of the duodenal switch procedure on the volume of the gastric reservoir, the release of. The prevalent style of play for Black today is to seek dynamic, unbalanced positions with active counterplay, rather than merely trying to equalize. Modern writers also argue that Black has certain countervailing advantages. The consensus that White should try to win can be a psychological burden for the white player, who sometimes loses by trying too hard to win. Some symmetrical openings (i. Streeter examined the results of 5,5. Amazon.fr: Petits prix et livraison gratuite d. Commandez With Obvious Advantage - Movie Poster - 28x44cm. Start studying Comparative Advantage and Trade. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Stevens concluded in The Blue Book of Charts to Winning Chess, based on a survey of 5. White scores 5. 9. In 2. 00. 5, GM Jonathan Rowson wrote that . As of January 1. 2, 2. White had won 3. 7. Black had won 2. 7. White winning percentage of 5. The main reason that 1. Sicilian Defence (1. White only a 5. 2. He found that White's advantage is equivalent to 3. Sonas also found that White's advantage is smaller (5. According to GM Evgeny Sveshnikov, statistics show that White has no advantage over Black in games between beginners, but . Of 7. 55 games played in 3. White won 2. 34 (3. At the slowest time control (4. White has scored 5. W3. 4. 7 D4. 1. 3 L2. May 2. 7, 2. 00. 9). George Walker wrote in 1. Even if it cannot be proved, this assumption is considered . Of course, I can't prove this, but I doubt that you can find a single strong player who would disagree. I remember Kasparov, after a last- round draw, explaining to the waiting reporters: 'Well, chess is a draw.'. Lasker suggested scoring less than half a point for a draw, and more than half a point for stalemating the opponent's king. For example, at the highest levels, Black often uses the Marshall Attack in the Ruy Lopez, a line where Black sacrifices a pawn for strong attacking chances, to obtain an endgame where Black is still a pawn down but is able to draw with correct play.? This has long been considered one of the sharpest and most problematic. Weaver Adams, then one of the leading American masters. The year after his book was published, at the finals of the 1. U. S. Open tournament, he scored only one draw in his four games as White, but won all four of his games as Black. Horowitz, who took the black pieces in every game. Berliner asserted that with best play White wins against the Gr. Adams was the first person I met who actually had theories about how chess should be played. Apart from Berliner, they have rejected the idea that White has a forced win from the opening position. Many also reject the traditional paradigm that Black's objective should be to neutralize White's initiative and obtain equality. White has an enduring advantage. I do however believe that with either 1. White should be able to obtain some sort of advantage that persists into the endgame. If chess were scored like boxing, with drawn games awarded by some point system to the player (if any) who came 'closer' to winning, then I believe White would indeed have a forced win in theory. Those who find these lines have nothing to fear, as Black is indeed OK, but only in those variations! I think it has limited application to a few openings, rather than being an opening prescription for Black in general. The revelation that Black has dynamic chances and need not be satisfied with mere equality was the turning point in his career, he said. Sometimes we say 'dynamically balanced' instead of 'equal' to express the view that either player is as likely as the other to emerge from complications with an advantage. This style of opening play has become prevalent in modern chess, with World Champions Fischer and Kasparov as its most visible practitioners. Suba, in his influential 1. Dynamic Chess Strategy. He contends that sometimes the player with the initiative loses it with no logical explanation, and that, . If you try to cling to it, by forcing the issue, your dynamic potential will become exhausted and you won't be able to face a vigorous counter- attack. This advantage is particularly acute in cases where there is a possible threefold repetition, because White can begin the repetition without committing to a draw and Black has to decide whether to deviate before he knows whether White is bluffing. After 1. e. 4 e. 5 2. Nf. 3 Nc. 6 3. Bb. Ba. 4 Nf. 6 5. 0- 0 Be. Re. 1 b. 5 7. Bb. Bb. 7 1. 0. d. 4 Re. Zaitsev Variation), White can repeat moves once with 1. Ng. 5 Rf. 8 1. 2. Nf. 3. This puts Black in an awkward situation, since he must either (a) insist on the Zaitsev with 1. Re. 8, which allows White to choose whether to draw by threefold repetition with 1. Ng. 5 Rf. 8 1. 4. Nf. 3, or play on with a different move, or (b) play a different (and possibly inferior) variation by playing something other than 1. Re. 8. Success with Black depends on seeing beyond the initiative and thinking of positions in terms of 'potential'. A typical position arises after 1. Nf. 3 Nf. 6 3. g. Bg. 2 Bb. 7 5. 0- 0 e. Nc. 3 Be. 7 7. d. Qxd. 4 d. 6 9. e. Bb. 2 0- 0 Suba wrote of a similar Hedgehog position, . That's the naked truth about it, but the 'ideal' has by definition one drawback. Nf. 3 Now Black breaks open the position in typical Hedgehog fashion. Nd. 5 Other moves get mated immediately: 2. Bxb. 7 Qh. 3#; 2. Qe. 2 Qxh. 3#; 2. Qg. 4 Bxg. 2#. Kxg. Rd. 2+ If 3. 0. Kg. Rg. 2+ 3. 1. Kf. 4 Rf. This is true because Black is able to react to the specific plan White chooses; in Suba's terms, his information is indeed a move greater! Furthermore, he is able to take advantage of dead equal positions which White (hoping to retain the advantage of the first move) would normally avoid. He smiled and said, 'That extra move's gonna hurt me.'! White is supposed to try for more than just obtaining a comfortable game in reversed colour opening set- ups, and, as the statistics show. As GM Bent Larsen wrote, annotating a game that began 1. Now, whatever White does, Black will vary it and get an asymmetrical position and have the superior position due to his better pawn structure! For example, Soltis notes that the Exchange French position arising after 1. Nf. 3 Nf. 6 . That position offers White better chances precisely because Black's extra move (.. Ne. 4) allows the advanced knight to become a target for attack. Watson writes that anyone who tries the Exchange French, . White has already ceded the advantage of the first move, and knows it, whereas Black is challenged to find ways to seize the initiative. He seems to be saying: 'I will copy all your good moves, and as soon as you make a bad move, I won't copy you any more!'. This doesn't matter much, but it already points to the challenge that White faces here; his most natural continuations allow Black to play the moves he wants to. I would therefore say that White is in 'Zugzwang Lite' and that he remains in this state for several moves. Nf. 3 d. 5 1. 0.. Nf. 6 1. 1. 0- 0 0- 0 1. Bd. 2 Bd. 7 would transpose to the Portisch. Finally breaking the symmetry. Kh. 2 The position is still almost symmetrical, and White can find nothing useful to do with his extra move. Rowson whimsically suggests 1. Black to be the one to break the symmetry. Rowson notes that this is a useful waiting move, covering e. Black's twenty- second move). White cannot copy it, since after 1. Re. 1? Nxf. 2 Black would win a pawn. Rowson notes that with his more active pieces, . Bxd. 4 e. 5 Rowson writes, . Bb. 2 d. 4 Now White has a difficult game: Rowson analyzes 2. Nxg. 3 2. 4. fxg. Bc. 2 2. 5. Qf. 3 Bxb. Bc. 4!, winning; 2. Nxf. 2! 2. 7. Rxf. Bc. 2, winning; 2. Qe. 1!? 2. 6. Bxc. Qxd. 8 Rexd. 8, and Black is better. Overlooking Black's threat. Qe. 1 If 2. 6. Rxf. Bc. 2 forks White's queen and rook. Bd. 2 Bd. 7 Once again, White is on move in a symmetrical position, but it is not obvious what he can do with his first- move initiative. But Mikhail Tal said it is easier to play. By moving second he gets to see White's move and then decide whether to match it. Instead, he plays to prove that White's queen is misplaced. Threatening 1. 6.. Nxe. 2+. 1. 6. Nxd. Bxh. 6 1. 7. Qxh. Rxc. 3 1. 8. Qd. 2 Qc. Rfc. 1 Rc. 8 Although the pawn structure is still symmetrical, Black's control of the c- file gives him the advantage. In matches, the players' colors in the first game are determined by drawing lots, and alternated thereafter. Where one or more players withdraws from the tournament, the tournament director may change the assigned colors in some games so that no player receives two more blacks than whites, or vice versa. This may take decades or even centuries, but unless runaway global warming or nuclear war gets in the way, I think it will eventually happen. Robot Check. Enter the characters you see below. Sorry, we just need to make sure you're not a robot. For best results, please make sure your browser is accepting cookies.
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